Progress Surgery Complete & Continue Next Lesson Learn More Chapter Principles of Surgery 12 Lessons Biopsy Methods for Diagnosing Solid Skin and Subcutaneous Tumors Flash Cards: Biopsy Methods for Diagnosing Solid Skin and Subcutaneous Tumors Beneficial Properties of Transfusion of Fresh Frozen Plasma, Fresh Whole Blood, and Packed Red Blood Cells with Surgical Clinical Examples in Veterinary Surgery Antibiotics Classification, Their Mode of Action, and Examples for Veterinary Use Strategies for Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Small Animal Practice Sampling Techniques for Diagnosing a Primary Bone Tumour: Advantages and Disadvantages Levels of Surgical Aggressiveness in Tumour Removal Tumour Margins in Veterinary Surgery: Focus on Mast Cell Tumours and Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Dogs Methods of Sterilisation of Surgical Equipment: Conditions, Effectiveness, and Limitations Indicators for Determining the Effectiveness of Sterilisation in Veterinary Practice The Six Surgical Principles Attributed to Halsted and Their Application in Surgery Classification of Surgical Wounds Based on Level of Contamination Chapter Principles of Wound Healing 9 Lessons Phases of Wound Healing in a Skin Incision Factors Affecting Wound Healing in Veterinary Surgery Hemostasis After Wound: Cell-Based Model and Classical Cascade Interventions to Reduce Infection Risk and Optimize Wound Healing in Open Wounds Doberman Pinscher with von Willebrand Disease: A Comprehensive Review End Products of Primary and Secondary Hemostasis: Formation and Functions Phases of Integration of a Free Mesh Skin Graft Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of Canine, Feline, and Human Skin: Implications for the Creation of Axial Pattern Flaps Axial Pattern Flaps in Dogs Chapter 3 Orthopaedic Surgery 22 Lessons Septic Arthritis in Dogs: A Detailed Review Direct and Indirect Bone Healing: A Comprehensive Review with Reference to Inter-Fragmentary Strain Theory Malunion, Nonunion, and Delayed Union of Bone After Fracture: A Detailed Review Salter and Harris Physeal Fracture Classification Proximal Region of the Femur - Fractures and Repair Techniques Flash Cards: Proximal Region of the Femur - Fractures and Repair Techniques Cranial Cruciate Disease in Dog Forces That Need to Be Overcome to Stabilize a Fracture Canine Osteoarthritis Calcanean Tendon Injury and Repair in Dogs External Fixators in Veterinary Surgery Osteochondritis and Osteochondritis Dissecans in Dogs Modes of Bone Plate Application in Veterinary Surgery Hip Dysplasia in Dogs Elbow Dysplasia in Dogs Surgical Arthrodesis: Pancarpal and Pantarsal Arthrodesis in Veterinary Surgery Medial Patellar Luxation in Dogs Pelvic Fracture in Dogs Appendicular Osteosarcoma in Dogs Coxofemoral Luxation in Dogs Elbow Luxation in Dogs Sacrocaudal Luxation (Tail Pull Injury) in Cats Chapter Gastro-Intestinal Surgery 13 Lessons Megacolon in Cats The Omentum and Its Uses in Veterinary Surgery Flash Cards: The Omentum and Its Uses in Veterinary Surgery Anatomy of Salivary Glands in Dogs and Cats with Common Disorders and Treatment Anatomy of the Small Intestine and Surgical Principles for Enterotomy Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) in Dogs Anatomy of the Hepatic and Biliary System in Dogs and Cats Perineal Herniation in Dogs Comparative Analysis of Esophageal and Small Intestine Surgery Based on Histologic Layers Oral Neoplasms in Dogs Esophageal Obstruction in Dogs Hepatic Shunts in Dogs: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Vascular Anatomy of the Digestive System of a Canine Abdomen Chapter Cardio-Respiratory Surgery 9 Lessons A Comprehensive Review of the Canine Diaphragm Shock in Small Animals Fibrocartilaginous Embolism The Canine Larynx: Anatomy, Pathology, and Tie-Back Surgery Flash Cards: The Canine Larynx: Anatomy, Pathology, and Tie-Back Surgery Tracheal Collapse in Dogs Idiopathic Chylothorax in Dogs BOAS in Dogs Pyothorax in Cats Chapter Neurology and Neurosurgery 8 Lessons Hansen Type I and Hansen Type II Disc Disease Flash Cards: Hansen Type I and Hansen Type II Disc Disease Neurological Evaluation of the Peripheral Nervous System in a Dog with Gait Disturbance Neurological Examination Aims to Localize the Lesion within the PNS and Assess the Functional Integrity of the Peripheral Nerves Myelopathy in Dogs Flash Cards: Myelopathy in Dogs Neurolocalization of Spinal Cord Lesions in Dogs Flash Cards: Neurolocalization of Spinal Cord Lesions in Dogs Chapter Uro-Genital System 6 Lessons Ectopic Ureters in Dogs Flash Cards: Ectopic Ureters in Dogs Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System in Canines Flash Cards: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System in Canines Prostatic Disorders and Diseases in Canines Flash Cards: Prostatic Disorders and Diseases in Canines Chapter Emergency and Miscellaneous Surgery 12 Lessons Burn Injuries in Small Animals: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Flash Cards: Burn Injuries in Small Animals Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) in Veterinary Medicine Flash Cards: SIRS and MODS Septic Peritonitis in Veterinary Medicine Flash Cards: Septic Peritonitis in Veterinary Medicine Ruptured Spleen in Dogs Flash Cards: Ruptured Spleen in Dogs Mammary Gland Tumors in Dogs Flash Cards: Mammary Gland Tumors in Dogs Total Ear Canal Ablation and Lateral Bulla Osteotomy (TECALBO) in Dogs and Cats Flash Cards: TECALBO Chapter Tips and Tricks 1 Lesson Scalpel, Sutures, Success: A Surgeon’s Survival Guide to MANZCVS Glory! Surgery Complete & Continue Next Lesson Learn More Chapter Cardio-Respiratory Surgery Flash Cards: The Canine Larynx: Anatomy, Pathology, and Tie-Back Surgery
Click on each heading to reveal the flash cards Anatomy of the Canine Larynx Key Structures: Epiglottis: Prevents aspiration during swallowing. Arytenoid Cartilages: Paired cartilages that open/close the rima glottidis. Cricoid Cartilage: Provides structural support. Thyroid Cartilage: Shields the laryngeal structures. Vocal Folds: Vibrate to produce sound. Innervation: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus) controls arytenoid abduction; cranial laryngeal nerve controls sensory input and cricothyroid function. Physiology of the Larynx Primary Function: Protects the airway during swallowing by closing the glottis. Secondary Functions: Vocalization and regulation of airflow during respiration. Active Arytenoid Abduction: Occurs during inspiration to widen the airway. Laryngeal Paralysis (Pathology) Definition: Dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve resulting in loss of arytenoid cartilage abduction. Clinical Signs: Stridor and noisy breathing. Coughing, gagging, or dysphagia. Exercise intolerance and cyanosis in severe cases. Causes: Idiopathic (most common). Trauma, neoplasia, or polyneuropathy. Congenital in certain breeds (e.g., Bouvier des Flandres, Siberian Husky). Diagnosis of Laryngeal Paralysis Physical Examination: Observe for stridor and increased inspiratory effort. Definitive Diagnosis: Laryngoscopy under light anesthesia to visualize lack of arytenoid abduction during inspiration. Other Tests: Thoracic radiographs to rule out aspiration pneumonia or masses. Neurological exam for polyneuropathy signs. Tie-Back Surgery (Unilateral Arytenoid Lateralization) Indications: Severe or life-threatening laryngeal paralysis with significant respiratory distress. Procedure: Incision over the larynx and identification of the cricoarytenoid articulation. Permanent lateralization of the arytenoid cartilage using sutures. Goal: Improve airway patency by keeping one side of the rima glottidis open. Outcome: Typically improves breathing but may increase aspiration risk. Complications of Tie-Back Surgery Aspiration pneumonia (most common). Suture failure or arytenoid dislocation. Persistent respiratory noise or obstruction. Postoperative Care: Feeding soft food, limiting exercise, and monitoring for signs of pneumonia. Prognosis Good to excellent in most cases with proper patient selection and surgical technique. Guarded in cases with aspiration pneumonia or severe comorbidities.